A file that contains configuration parameters to initialize the database and instance.
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Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
The combination of the System Global Area (SGA) and Oracle background processes. When a database is started on a database server (regardless of the type of computer), Oracle allocates a memory area called the SGA and starts one or more Oracle processes. The memory and processes of an instance efficiently manage the associated database's data and serve the database users. You can connect to any instance to access information within a parallel server database.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
The comparison of data sent over the connection as seen by both client and server.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
A file created by Oracle Net Configuration Assistant that contains the following directory configuration information:
Type of directory
Location of the directory
Default Oracle Context that the client or server will use to look up or configure connect identifiers for connections to database services
The ldap.ora file must reside in one of the following locations:
The directory specified by the TNS_ADMIN environment variable If the TNS_ADMIN environment variable is not defined as a variable on Windows NT, it may be in the registry.
The $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory on UNIX or the ORACLE_HOME \network\admin directory on Windows operating systems.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Oracle9i and Oracle8i database instances are identified by the INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the initialization parameter file. INSTANCE_NAME corresponds to the Oracle System Identifier (SID) of the instance. Clients can connect to a specific instance by specifying the INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the connect descriptor.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
A qualifier appended to a global database link to provide alternate settings for the database user name and password credentials. For example, a link qualifier of emp can be appended to a global database link of sales.us.example.com. A connection to a remote database with the global database link and link qualifier would be:
CONNECT scott/tiger@sales.example.com@emp
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
A process that resides on the server whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server.
Every time a client requests a network session with a server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client information matches the listener information, then the listener grants a connection to the server.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
A naming method that resolves a net service name, stored in a client's tnsnames.ora file, to a connect descriptor. Local naming is most appropriate for simple distributed networks with a small number of services that change infrequently.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Local naming is one of the primary naming methods used to resolve a simple name, a net service name, to a connect descriptor that the client uses to connect to a database or service. Local naming stores net service names and their connect descriptors in a local tnsnames.ora file.
An end user enters a connect string that includes the net service name in the following format:
CONNECT username/password@net_service_name
In the following example sales is the net service name that is looked up in the tnsnames.ora file:
CONNECT scott/tiger@sales
The connect descriptor returned to the client includes the:
Protocol address location of the listener
Service name of the database
The client uses this information to connect to a listener. The listener, configured with the same address information, receives the request. If the listener is listening for requests to the same database service as specified in the client's connect descriptor, a connection is granted.
For more information, see Chapter 2, Connectivity Concepts, in the Oracle10i Net Administrator's Guide.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
A configuration file for the listener that specifies the following:
Listener name
Protocol addresses it is accepting connection requests on
Services (database or non-database service) it is listening for
The listener.ora file must reside in one of the following locations:
The directory specified by the TNS_ADMIN environment variable If the TNS_ADMIN environment variable is not defined as a variable on Windows NT, it may be in the registry.
The node's global configuration directory. For Sun Solaris, this directory is /var/opt/oracle. Windows NT does not have a central directory.
Note: Oracle9i and Oracle8i databases do not require identification of the database service because of service registration. However, static service configuration is required if you plan to use Oracle Enterprise Manager to monitor the database.
Copyright © 1996, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.